Lecture 28 Monday April 4, 2005

Olmsted and Environmental Restoration

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Announcements:

(1)           Term paper proposals will be back to you hopefully by Friday.

(2)           Course Enroll: NTRES 332, “Ethics and Environment,” meeting fall semester Tuesdays and Thursdays at 10:10, 4 credits, discussion section TBA

(3)          Mid-term exam goes back today; explanation of scoring convention. Total grade is in green pen.

 

 

I. Frederick Law Olmsted and “Constructing Nature”

See Anne Whiston Spirn’s article, “Constructing Nature: The Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted,” in Cronon, Uncommon Ground.

Olmsted’s legacy:

-Yosemite

-Niagara Falls

-Biltmore Estate

-Boston Charles River Fens

 

II. Yosemite

Yosemite is the first tract of wild land set aside by an act of Congress, in 1864, “for public use, resort, and recreation.”

Olmsted’s biography

1865 report to California legislature

Samuel Bowles, publisher of the Springfield Republican (Massachusetts).

Schuyler Colfax, Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives

Allen B. Richardson, war correspondent for the New York Tribune.

 

Bowles:

“The wise cession and dedication [of Yosemite] by Congress, and proposed improvement by California, . . . furnishes an admirable example for other objects of natural curiosity and popular interest all over the Union. New York should preserve for popular use both Niagara Falls and its neighborhood and a generous section of her famous Adirondacks, and Maine one of her lakes and its surrounding woods.”

 

John Muir and Yosemite

 

 

Importance of photography

C. E. (Carleton E.) Watkins

Stereoscopic slides

 

III. Albert Bierstadt

The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak, 1863

Looking Up the Yosemite Valley, 1865-67

A Storm in the Rocky Mountains - Mount Rosalie, 1866

Sunrise, Yosemite Valley, n.d.

Sunset in the Yosemite Valley, 1868

Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, 1868

The Great Trees, Mariposa Grove, California, 1876

 

IV. Niagara

Spirn comments: “Niagara Falls is more than a big waterfall. For Americans it is the waterfall.” Niagara is “the epitome of the sublime,” offering “the experience of a powerful natural feature of superhuman scale that inspires awe and fear.”

 

Niagara in art

George Catlin

Frederick Church

Niagara, 1857

Niagara Falls from the American Side, 1867

 

V. Niagara as spectacle:

Dare devils

The Michigan

Anne Edson Taylor